American Medical Association

(美國醫學會)

History :

Nathan Smith Davis, MD, founded the American Medical Association (AMA) in 1847 when he was just 30 years old. As a young doctor in western New York in 1844, Davis was elected to serve in the New York Medical Society, where he worked to improve medical education and licensure. A year after his election, Davis introduced a resolution endorsing the establishment of a national medical association to "elevate the standard of medical education in the United States." Davis and others led the establishment of the AMA in the following year.

Dr. Davis and his colleagues set very high goals for this new association to advance the science of medicine, to improve the standards for medical education, to develop a program of medical ethics, and to improve the health of the public. The founders reached those goals and set standards that have been upheld by the AMA ever since.

Two hundred and fifty delegates from 28 states attended the founding meeting and were seated amidst exhibit cases and ancient bones of a mastodon, "Mammut Amercanum," in the hall of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pa. At the meeting, the delegates adopted the first code of medical ethics, and the first national standards for preliminary medical education and for the degree of MD.

Those delegates in attendance launched what has become the largest medical association in America. For more than 160 years the AMA's work has remained focused on its founding principles. Today, the AMA represents the best of American medicine and continues to serve as an advocate for the physician, the patient and the profession.

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama

USA Emory University 

腫瘤分類網站( 北京大學翻譯 )

Our mission: 
Save lives by empowering and educating the world's population with reliable, current and comprehensible information about the biology and treatment of cancer.

開辦該網站是想讓大眾了解“腫瘤生物學”方面的知識。無論你過去對該領域知識掌握程度如何，你都會從網上閱讀中有所收益。

http://www.cancerquest.org/index.cfm?page=362&lang=tchinese

American Brain Tumour Association

(美國腦腫瘤組織)

Dear Friends,

Every day, 500 people are diagnosed with a brain tumor. They join more than 700,000 who are currently living with the fear, frustration and uncertainty a brain tumor diagnosis brings.  There are more than 120 different types of brain tumors which means there is no one answer to the brain tumor challenge.

For 40 years, the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA) has been a leader in advancing the understanding and treatment of brain tumors. We do this through our engagement with patients and their families, our collaborations with allied groups and organizations, and through the funding of brain tumor research.

The ABTA was founded in 1973 – a period referred to by today’s brain tumor researchers as “the dark ages.”  Back then, there was no coordinated funding of brain tumor research, no medical specialty dedicated to brain tumor treatment and care, no national tracking of brain tumor diagnoses, and no reliable resource for patients and families seeking to better understand and cope with a brain tumor diagnosis.

The ABTA has been a leader in moving the field forward in all of these areas. We were the first and are now the only national organization committed to both raising funds for brain tumor research and providing information, resources and support to brain tumor patients and their families. Our goal is to improve, extend and, ultimately, save the lives of those impacted by a brain tumor diagnosis.

Unlike other diseases, where there is often a family history that serves as a warning and in some cases measures that one can take to mitigate risk, that is not the case with brain tumors.  For all the advances made over the past 40 years, we still don’t know who, we don’t know when, and, perhaps most frustrating of all, we don’t know why.

What we do know is that, for the past 40 years, the ABTA has been a leader in the pursuit of answers to these questions.  As the ABTA marks the 40th anniversary of its founding, we need your help to ensure that for as long as these questions remain, the 700,000 brain tumor patients and their families will know the American Brain Tumor Association is here for them, providing and pursing answers.  

Sincerely,
                                                    
Elizabeth M. Wilson
President & CEO

提供最新治療方法的資料，並與其他臨床實驗、醫學訊息、和支援組織聯繫，為腦腫瘤患者及其家人提供最新資訊。他們亦資助科學家進行研究，隨後直接將研究結果傳送給患者及其家人。

http://www.abta.org/

中國天津 北方網

祖國的網站好多都唔錯，資料多到睇唔哂，這個北方網的醫療頻道也有很多訊息架~~
其中一篇講卵巢癌既….

卵巢癌術前化療要做好  2010-07-01

一直以來，手術切除都是治療卵巢癌最主要的手段，它能決定病人生存時間的長短和化療效果的好壞。但事實上，手術雖然能切除大部分腫瘤，但是一些較小的腫瘤或殘存的癌細胞則必須依靠化療纔能被徹底消除乾淨，否則很可能讓手術『功虧一簣』。

　　早期卵巢癌可以通過全面准確的分期手術來確定哪些患者需要化療。研究結果表明，低危的早期卵巢癌(Ⅰa、Ⅰb期，高、中度分化)不需化療;高危的早期卵巢癌(Ⅰc和Ⅱ期，低度分化，透明細胞癌)、晚期卵巢癌患者則規范化療。

　　卵巢癌的卵巢多采用早期、足劑量、間歇的方法，即在機體能夠耐受的情況下，使用足夠量的化療藥物，在癌細胞產生耐藥之前，盡可能地將其殺滅。目前，國內常用的一線化療方案為：鉑類藥物+環磷?胺或泰素。雖然『多療程化療』曾一度被認為是卵巢癌化療的特點，但現在看來，過度化療(比如做十八九個療程)也是不可取的，因為這樣反倒可能增加腫瘤細胞的耐藥性，而且副作用也很大。不過，卵巢癌病人化療6—8個療程還是必要的。

　　過去學術界曾一度認為，卵巢癌患者化療應該在手術後進行，但最新的研究結果證實，在卵巢癌明確診斷後，中晚期患者可以先接受有限療程的化療，然後再進行手術。因為卵巢癌發現時，一般已經較晚，腫瘤分布廣、體積大，想要通過手術將其完全切除，可能會累及小腸、膀胱等其他鄰近髒器，這樣損傷會很大。如果能在手術前化療，則能大幅度提高手術切除率，盡可能減少對其他器官的損傷，提高治療效果，讓病人盡快恢復。

　　不過，術前化療，也必須滿足3個條件：首先，病人的腹水細胞要呈陽性，即確定有腫瘤細胞存在;其次，CA125水平要高，對化療比較敏感;最後，手術完全切除腫瘤的可能性不大。這種化療通常每3周進行1次，做1—2個療程就可以了。

http://health.big5.enorth.com.cn … /01/004812770.shtml