加州明年即將開始大麻全面合法化，而業者也極力宣傳大麻的藥用價值，甚至宣稱大麻可治療癌症。不過，在聯邦層面大麻一直列為第一類管制毒品。11月1號，美國食品和藥物監管局再次駁斥不實宣傳，明確指出，沒有醫學實驗證明大麻有治癌療效。

美國食品和藥物管理局FDA，11月1號（週三）在一份聲明中表示：目前並沒有醫學實驗，證明大麻可以抑制腫瘤細胞或促進新的腦細胞的生長。

FDA警告四家從事大麻銷售的公司停止製造這些未經證實的宣傳，並停止銷售宣稱治療癌症或任何其他相關病症的大麻和大麻產品。

目前，全美有29個州可以合法銷售和使用藥用大麻，同時聯邦政府仍以第一類管制毒品對大麻進行嚴格監管。但在奧巴馬政府時期，這一監管權利被下放到各州進行。

隨著監管的鬆動，有網站和診所開始推出各種大麻產品和治療方案。其中有業者宣稱大麻可以抵抗癌症，並利用媒體廣泛宣傳。FDA這次針對這些不實言論予以澄清，提醒民眾不要因此而耽誤治療。

http://www.ntdtv.com/

FDA warns companies marketing unproven products, derived from marijuana, that claim to treat or cure cancer

https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm583295.htm
 

Abraham Moreno Edwards and his mum Amanda were diagnosed with cancer weeks apart (Image: SWNS)

A mother has told how her nine-year-old son was diagnosed with leukaemia, just weeks before doctors found she had breast cancer.

Abraham Moreno Edwards and his mum Amanda, 49, are having chemotherapy at the same time – and determined to keep laughing.

The mum-of-two said: “We have a joke about both being bald and who looks best.

“We try to laugh to keep our spirits up. But it is very frightening.”

Abraham was diagnosed with two unrelated types of blood cancer two weeks apart after his mum took him to the doctors with what she thought was a cold.

Medics found two lumps in her breast six weeks later. Both her paternal grandma and great grandma had breast cancer.

The pair are fighting cancer together – and try to laugh through the ordeal (Image: SWNS)

Amanda, from Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, said: “My attitude is my son is extremely ill and fighting for his life – I’ve just got breast cancer. I’m very, very positive when it comes to myself because I have seen for myself what children – my son included – go through.

“I have chemo once in three weeks. He goes through five days consecutively, and any break he gets is spent in hospital with side effects. I feel like in comparison I’m not going through a lot.”

Amanda, a translator, moved to Velez-Malaga in southern Spain in 2002 and sons Abraham and 11-year-old Jose were born in Spain. She is separated from the boys’ father, Jose Moreno, 47.

Abraham Moreno Edwards was diagnosed with leukemia twice – just weeks before his mum found out she had breast cancer (Image: SWNS)

Her nightmare began when Abraham, known as Ab, went to the doctor with swollen glands in February.

He was diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukaemia and myeloid leukaemia after blood tests. “It’s pure chance that he has both – just bad luck,” added Amanda, who had to give up work after her own diagnosis.

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/we-laugh-its-frightening-mum-11436450

「助癌友 我可以 第3屆百人捐髮」公益活動29日在台北舉行，逾百名捐髮人一起剪掉30公分長髮，

捐給癌症希望基金會製成假髮，盼幫助更多癌友勇敢面對疾病。中央社記者孫仲達攝　

（中央社記者張茗喧台北29日電）24歲時曾罹患惡性骨肉瘤的雅筠，無懼手術及化療，卻因化療導致的大量掉髮而淚崩，她今天和8歲女兒一起捐出留了多年的長髮，盼做成假髮，幫助更多癌友度過掉髮難關。

癌症希望基金會今天舉辦「第3屆百人捐髮」活動，近150人一起剪下超過30公分長髮，盼做成假髮無償租借給因治療癌症掉髮的患者。

今年8歲的小男孩廷葳因乾媽罹癌，從幼兒園就跟著媽媽留長髮，希望捐髮鼓勵乾媽，他受訪時說，他因留長髮經常被誤認為是女生，甚至被叫去上女廁，心裡確實有點生氣，但因為是做好事，被笑一笑也就算了。

不過，留長髮確實也替生活帶來不便，廷葳笑說，每次洗頭、吹頭髮都要吹好久，若是沒綁起來頭髮也會飛來飛去，雖然乾媽多年前已經辭世，仍希望捐出去的頭髮能幫助更多人。

參與捐髮的雅筠受訪時回憶，她24歲罹癌惡性骨肉瘤，不論是做手術還是化療，她都沒掉過一滴眼淚，但就在第一次化療隔天，一早醒來輕輕碰了頭髮，竟大把大把掉落，就像時刻提醒著「我是一名癌症患者」，令她頓時崩潰大哭，後來她決定直接理光頭，直到治療結束2年、頭髮長回來以後才拿下頭巾。

雅筠說，以前罹癌時根本不知道有假髮可借，出門時都包著頭巾，走到任何地方都得忍受他人的異樣眼光，心裡非常難過；建議民眾看到包著頭巾的患者，不要一直盯著或刻意避開，只要當作一般人就好。

走過抗癌路的雅筠今年已經38歲，她除了自己蓄髮捐髮以外，也鼓勵愛留長髮的8歲女兒一起捐髮，盼幫助更多病友度過難關，也是最好的生命教育。

癌症希望基金會執行長蘇連瓔說，頭髮是多數癌症患者的自信來源，因此基金會透過捐髮、製作假髮再無償租借給癌症患者，替患者找回正常生活，每年約服務2000人，每一人約使用半年，如果保養得當，一頂可以提供給3個人使用。

不過，蘇連瓔指出，製作一頂假髮得花新台幣3000 元，但製作假髮的經費永遠不及捐髮量，像是今年已經募得900公斤、10大箱頭髮，無奈經費只有300萬元，只能製作1000頂，其餘頭髮可能面臨發霉等問題，折損率也會提高。

蘇連瓔說，頭髮只要超過30公分以上、不染不燙、有自然捲或少量白髮都可以捐，但呼籲民眾捐髮也不忘捐款，幫助更多癌友自信面對疾病。

http://www.cna.com.tw/news/

「助癌友 我可以 第3屆百人捐髮」公益活動29日在台北舉行，

逾百名捐贈人現場一起剪下30公分長髮送愛，盼幫助更多癌友勇敢面對疾病。中央社記者孫仲達攝　

調查發現，昆士蘭的皮膚癌患者數量居全澳首位，與其它州的皮膚癌患者相比，昆州患者更容易出現復發現象。非黑色素瘤皮膚癌是一種常見的癌症，在昆州人口中55歲以上的男性患病的比例最高。

據布里斯本時報報導，昆士蘭一個名叫QIMR Berghofer癌症控制組織的負責人David Whiteman帶領該研究小組對45,000名昆士蘭居民進行了調查，結果發現在2011 – 14年，20歲以上的人群中有近7％的人通過手術治療切除了非黑色素瘤皮膚癌變組織。據調查數字顯示他們其中的幾乎一半人，在這三年內又出現了反覆。他說：「7%的人口患有皮膚癌，這是一個很嚴重的問題。皮膚癌的患者承受著極大的痛苦和精神上的壓力，同時需要支付很大的費用。」

Whiteman指出，每年全澳的醫院一共接受超過95,000名的非黑色素瘤皮膚癌患者，其中因病死亡者超過500名。他表示，住在昆士蘭的居民，由於離赤道近而受到更多的陽光照射，他們患皮膚癌的比例比澳洲其它地區的人口高60％。

他說：「我們發現男性與女性患皮膚癌的比例不相稱，男性的比例高於女性」「我們澳洲的確需要有一個完善的方法，減少皮膚癌的患者。」據悉，該項調查刊登於澳大利亞醫學雜誌(Medical Journal of Australia)。

責任編輯：楊帆

http://www.epochtimes.com/

The Australian demographic at highest risk of skin cancer revealed – so are YOU among them?

• Queensland men aged over 55 face a greater risk of skin cancer, research shows 
• Men from the Sunshine State are at a higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer
• Skin cancers are caused by chronic long-term sun damage, the study found
• By the age of 70, around half of all Australian men are treated for skin cancer

By Australian Associated Press

PUBLISHED: 00:21 BST, 16 October 2017 | UPDATED: 05:01 BST, 16 October 2017

Australians diagnosed with skin cancer are most likely to be a Queensland man aged over 55 years, new research shows.

Researchers at QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute found Australian men from the Sunshine State are at the highest risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. 

Around one in 14 adults over the age of 20 had at least one non-melanoma cancer removed between 2011 and 2014, and almost half of those had more than one cut out, Analysis of Medicare data, published in the Medical Journal of Australia, found.

 

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Queensland men aged over 55 face a greater risk of skin cancer, new study finds (stock image)

Rates in Queensland were nearly twice the national average and almost three-fold higher than Victoria and Tasmania.

In total, more than 183,000 skin cancers were removed over the four years.

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) cause more than 95,000 hospital admissions each year in Australia and account for more than 500 deaths.

Significantly, the analysis found that 74 per cent of all skin cancers that were removed came from just 47 per cent of Australians who had skin cancer treatment.

In other words, the vast majority of skin cancers arose in a relatively small pool of people.

Professor David Whiteman, from QIMR Berghofer Cancer Control Group leader, said 'by the age of 70, half of all Australian men are treated for skin cancer'.

'They're typically older males; men over the age of 70 if they get one skin cancer they are really likely to get more,' Professor Whiteman said.

'Our results show that by the age of 70 years, around half of all Australian men treated for skin cancer will have another excision within four years.'

 

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Significantly, the analysis found that 74 per cent of all skin cancers that were removed came from just 47 per cent of Australians who had skin cancer treatment (stock image)

While not commonly fatal, these common forms of skin cancers are 'hugely' costly, says Professor Whiteman.

'These kinds of skin cancers are caused by chronic long-term sun damage and so the people who are getting them are usually in the 50s, 60s and 70s and the rates go up almost 10-fold with age, they rapidly rise with age,' Professor Whiteman said.

'So what you are seeing in the people who are currently in their 70s is the result of sun exposure they had 30, 40 and 50 years ago.'

Professor Whiteman says the research shows the need for greater surveillance of this group of skin cancer patients.

'Because the likelihood is that they'll have more in the next couple of years and the sooner you can treat them the less the damage the patient incurs and the less likelihood there is a spread of the cancer.'

Heather Walker – Chair of the Skin Cancer Committee at Cancer Council Australia – says the message is clear; sun protection is just as important as ever.

'Use sun protection, keep an eye on your skin and go to the doctor if you notice anything unusual,' Ms Walker said.

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-4983308/Queensland-men-aged-55-skin-cancer-study-shows.html#ixzz4wFdbsTV8 
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一項新研究１９日説，平均而言，導致一種癌症發生的基因變異數量介于１到１０個之間。

　　這項發表在新一期美國《細胞》雜志上的研究説，對不同癌症類型，所需的致癌基因突變數量大不相同。比如，肝癌大約需要４個突變，而結腸直腸癌需要１０個突變。

　　“我們解答了自２０世紀５０年代以來癌症研究領域一個長期爭論的問題：一個正常細胞需要多少個（基因）突變變成癌細胞？”研究負責人、英國桑格研究所的彼得·坎貝爾在一份聲明中説，“我們的答案是：少數幾個就夠了。”

　　研究人員採用分子進化相關方法，對２９種癌症的７６６４個腫瘤樣本進行分析後得出上述結論。

　　該研究還發現，這些關鍵性致癌突變幾乎有一半發生在尚未被確定與癌症相關的基因中，説明更多致癌基因仍有待被發現。

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/

‘A handful’ of gene faults can turn a healthy cell cancerous