人體中幾乎每種類型的細胞都具有完全相同的 DNA 序列(即基因)。因此,當製造特定類型的細胞(如幹細胞、神經元細胞)時,每個細胞需仔細「選擇」要表達的基因,而這一個過程受到多種「組蛋白修飾(Histone Modification)」的調控。組蛋白是用於將 DNA纏繞成染色質的「線軸」,這些組蛋白上的修飾就像染色質上的標籤,可以標識基因表達的「開」和「關」,在適當的時候決定以何種程度「啓動」或「停止」基因的表達;而在這過程中出錯會導致癌症等嚴重疾病。
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