調查發現，昆士蘭的皮膚癌患者數量居全澳首位，與其它州的皮膚癌患者相比，昆州患者更容易出現復發現象。非黑色素瘤皮膚癌是一種常見的癌症，在昆州人口中55歲以上的男性患病的比例最高。

據布里斯本時報報導，昆士蘭一個名叫QIMR Berghofer癌症控制組織的負責人David Whiteman帶領該研究小組對45,000名昆士蘭居民進行了調查，結果發現在2011 – 14年，20歲以上的人群中有近7％的人通過手術治療切除了非黑色素瘤皮膚癌變組織。據調查數字顯示他們其中的幾乎一半人，在這三年內又出現了反覆。他說：「7%的人口患有皮膚癌，這是一個很嚴重的問題。皮膚癌的患者承受著極大的痛苦和精神上的壓力，同時需要支付很大的費用。」

Whiteman指出，每年全澳的醫院一共接受超過95,000名的非黑色素瘤皮膚癌患者，其中因病死亡者超過500名。他表示，住在昆士蘭的居民，由於離赤道近而受到更多的陽光照射，他們患皮膚癌的比例比澳洲其它地區的人口高60％。

他說：「我們發現男性與女性患皮膚癌的比例不相稱，男性的比例高於女性」「我們澳洲的確需要有一個完善的方法，減少皮膚癌的患者。」據悉，該項調查刊登於澳大利亞醫學雜誌(Medical Journal of Australia)。

責任編輯：楊帆

http://www.epochtimes.com/

The Australian demographic at highest risk of skin cancer revealed – so are YOU among them?

• Queensland men aged over 55 face a greater risk of skin cancer, research shows 
• Men from the Sunshine State are at a higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer
• Skin cancers are caused by chronic long-term sun damage, the study found
• By the age of 70, around half of all Australian men are treated for skin cancer

By Australian Associated Press

PUBLISHED: 00:21 BST, 16 October 2017 | UPDATED: 05:01 BST, 16 October 2017

Australians diagnosed with skin cancer are most likely to be a Queensland man aged over 55 years, new research shows.

Researchers at QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute found Australian men from the Sunshine State are at the highest risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. 

Around one in 14 adults over the age of 20 had at least one non-melanoma cancer removed between 2011 and 2014, and almost half of those had more than one cut out, Analysis of Medicare data, published in the Medical Journal of Australia, found.

 

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Queensland men aged over 55 face a greater risk of skin cancer, new study finds (stock image)

Rates in Queensland were nearly twice the national average and almost three-fold higher than Victoria and Tasmania.

In total, more than 183,000 skin cancers were removed over the four years.

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) cause more than 95,000 hospital admissions each year in Australia and account for more than 500 deaths.

Significantly, the analysis found that 74 per cent of all skin cancers that were removed came from just 47 per cent of Australians who had skin cancer treatment.

In other words, the vast majority of skin cancers arose in a relatively small pool of people.

Professor David Whiteman, from QIMR Berghofer Cancer Control Group leader, said 'by the age of 70, half of all Australian men are treated for skin cancer'.

'They're typically older males; men over the age of 70 if they get one skin cancer they are really likely to get more,' Professor Whiteman said.

'Our results show that by the age of 70 years, around half of all Australian men treated for skin cancer will have another excision within four years.'

 

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Significantly, the analysis found that 74 per cent of all skin cancers that were removed came from just 47 per cent of Australians who had skin cancer treatment (stock image)

While not commonly fatal, these common forms of skin cancers are 'hugely' costly, says Professor Whiteman.

'These kinds of skin cancers are caused by chronic long-term sun damage and so the people who are getting them are usually in the 50s, 60s and 70s and the rates go up almost 10-fold with age, they rapidly rise with age,' Professor Whiteman said.

'So what you are seeing in the people who are currently in their 70s is the result of sun exposure they had 30, 40 and 50 years ago.'

Professor Whiteman says the research shows the need for greater surveillance of this group of skin cancer patients.

'Because the likelihood is that they'll have more in the next couple of years and the sooner you can treat them the less the damage the patient incurs and the less likelihood there is a spread of the cancer.'

Heather Walker – Chair of the Skin Cancer Committee at Cancer Council Australia – says the message is clear; sun protection is just as important as ever.

'Use sun protection, keep an eye on your skin and go to the doctor if you notice anything unusual,' Ms Walker said.

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-4983308/Queensland-men-aged-55-skin-cancer-study-shows.html#ixzz4wFdbsTV8 
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一項新研究１９日説，平均而言，導致一種癌症發生的基因變異數量介于１到１０個之間。

　　這項發表在新一期美國《細胞》雜志上的研究説，對不同癌症類型，所需的致癌基因突變數量大不相同。比如，肝癌大約需要４個突變，而結腸直腸癌需要１０個突變。

　　“我們解答了自２０世紀５０年代以來癌症研究領域一個長期爭論的問題：一個正常細胞需要多少個（基因）突變變成癌細胞？”研究負責人、英國桑格研究所的彼得·坎貝爾在一份聲明中説，“我們的答案是：少數幾個就夠了。”

　　研究人員採用分子進化相關方法，對２９種癌症的７６６４個腫瘤樣本進行分析後得出上述結論。

　　該研究還發現，這些關鍵性致癌突變幾乎有一半發生在尚未被確定與癌症相關的基因中，説明更多致癌基因仍有待被發現。

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/

‘A handful’ of gene faults can turn a healthy cell cancerous

最近一期（2013年4月18日）新英格蘭期刊（New England Journal of Medicine) 發佈一篇在加拿大，歐洲及美國多中心一起合作的最新研究，針對最需要glutamine (麩醯胺酸）的加護病房病人，共1223位病人隨機雙盲分配成兩組病人，一組使用glutamine，一組使用安慰劑。結果glutamine 不僅沒有加速病人的復原，反而加速病人的死亡。使用glutamine 的病人在一個月或六個月的死亡率皆明顯高於對照組。

　　長久以來，很多人相信glutamine是人體進行組織修復以及維持生命的重要胺基酸，也是人體腸道細胞、免疫細胞及肌肉纖維母細胞等的重要能量來源。因此，認為是維持小腸、淋巴球及巨噬細胞功能的主要成份。病人有嚴重創傷時，如手術，放射治療及化學治療以後，常會被建議服用glutamine，以幫助組織的修復及增強免疫能力。因此坊間常見glutamine 的販賣。

　　新英格蘭期刊是現在最重要的醫學期刊。最新的醫學研究”有突破性發展”且改變現在的醫療行為，就會在這本期刊公佈。這篇由加拿大主導的研究並非突破性發展，反而是推翻很多人相信的理論”glutamine 可以幫助嚴重創傷病人復原”。可見其對這篇研究的重視。

　　一般來說，新英格蘭期刊不會接受沒有”突破性發展”的研究。但全世界使用glutamine的病人實在太多，以我們醫院為例，很多病人在手術，放射治療及化學治療期間，常會被親友或網路以訛傳訛的推薦服用glutamine。這篇研究的公佈，再度証明”實證醫學”的重要，確勿輕信以訛傳訛的醫學。我們的醫護人員應該全面勸止病人在治療中使用左旋或右旋的glutamine (麩醯胺酸），因為不僅沒效，且可能有害。麩醯胺酸市面上一罐要賣七千元。花錢買災，實在不值。

http://www.kfsyscc.org/about/interview-topics/